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0 Let’s face it—fire safety isn’t the most thrilling topic, but it’s one of the most important. Whether you’re a business owner, landlord, or managing a shared space, understanding who needs a fire risk assessment is key. It’s not just good practice—it’s the law.
👉 Need one now? Here’s everything you need to know about a professional Fire Risk Assessment and how to get started with trusted experts.
What Is a Fire Risk Assessment (And Why Should You Care)?
A Fire Risk Assessment (FRA) is a structured review of a building to identify fire hazards, evaluate risks, and ensure fire safety measures are in place. It helps prevent fires and keeps people safe if one occurs.
In the UK, fire risk assessments are a legal requirement under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, also known as the Fire Safety Order. It applies to virtually all non-domestic premises, including workplaces and communal areas in residential buildings.
Who Is Legally Responsible for Fire Safety?
Under UK law, the Responsible Person is legally required to ensure a fire risk assessment is carried out and regularly reviewed.
But who exactly is the “Responsible Person”? It could be:
- The employer (for workplaces)
- The building owner
- The landlord
- The managing agent
- Anyone in control of the premises (even partially)
Sometimes, multiple people may share this responsibility.
Who Needs a Fire Risk Assessment?
Here’s a breakdown of who must legally carry out a fire risk assessment:
1. Business Owners and Employers
If you run a business—no matter the size—you need a fire risk assessment. This includes:
- Offices
- Shops
- Warehouses
- Restaurants and cafés
- Factories
Even small businesses with just a few employees are legally obligated.
2. Landlords and Property Managers
If you rent out a property, you’re responsible for ensuring the safety of your tenants. That includes:
- Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs)
- Blocks of flats
- Shared housing
- Holiday lets
If there are communal areas, a fire risk assessment is required. Think stairways, hallways, and entrance areas.
3. Owners of Public Buildings
Public spaces that welcome visitors or serve the community are also included:
- Schools and nurseries
- Hospitals and care homes
- Community centres
- Libraries
- Churches and places of worship
These buildings usually have vulnerable occupants, so fire safety standards are even stricter.
4. Hospitality Businesses
Running a hotel, guesthouse, or B&B? You absolutely need a fire risk assessment. Even if you’re hosting guests in your own home via Airbnb, you’re legally considered a business and need to meet fire safety regulations.
5. Construction Site Managers
Temporary buildings and construction sites must have fire risk assessments. Hazards are higher on building sites—flammable materials, temporary electrics, and equipment all increase risk.
6. Self-Employed People Working from Commercial Premises
If you’re self-employed and use a commercial space—even if you’re the only person working—you need to conduct a fire risk assessment. It’s all about protecting people, not just the building.
What About Homes and Private Residences?
If you’re living in a single private dwelling, there’s no legal requirement for a fire risk assessment.
But, if your home has communal areas—like in a block of flats or shared house—the building owner or landlord must assess the risk in those shared spaces.
Legal Framework: The Fire Safety Order 2005
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 is the key legislation governing fire safety in England and Wales. It sets out who must comply and what their responsibilities are.
The law requires that:
- A “Responsible Person” carries out and maintains a fire risk assessment
- The assessment is suitable and sufficient
- Risks must be removed or reduced
- Adequate fire precautions (alarms, extinguishers, signage, escape routes) are in place
You don’t need to submit the assessment to authorities unless asked, but failure to comply can result in fines or imprisonment.
When Should a Fire Risk Assessment Be Carried Out?
A fire risk assessment isn’t a one-time deal. It should be:
- Done initially before a building is occupied or a business opens
- Reviewed regularly (typically once a year)
- Updated if:
- The layout of the building changes
- The use of the building changes
- There’s a fire incident or near miss
- There’s a change in occupancy (e.g., new tenants)
What Should Be Included in a Fire Risk Assessment?
Every fire risk assessment should follow five key steps:
- Identify fire hazards (e.g., electrical equipment, flammable materials)
- Identify people at risk (e.g., staff, visitors, vulnerable individuals)
- Evaluate, remove or reduce risks
- Record findings and prepare an emergency plan
- Review and update regularly
For businesses with 5 or more employees, the findings must be documented.
What Happens If You Don’t Comply?
Non-compliance isn’t taken lightly. Here’s what could happen:
- Enforcement notices from the fire authority
- Prohibition notices that shut your business down
- Fines that can exceed £100,000
- Prison sentences for severe breaches
Let’s not sugarcoat it—if someone is injured or killed due to fire safety negligence, the consequences can be devastating.
Who Can Carry Out a Fire Risk Assessment?
You can carry out the assessment yourself—if you’re competent. That means you understand:
- Fire safety principles
- UK fire safety legislation
- How to identify and mitigate fire risks
However, for most people, hiring a qualified fire risk assessor is the safest option. They bring experience, legal knowledge, and peace of mind.
Signs You Need a Professional Fire Risk Assessor
| Scenario | Why You Need a Pro |
|---|---|
| Large or complex buildings | Too many variables to manage alone |
| No fire safety experience | Risk of missing key hazards |
| Limited understanding of fire laws | Likely to fall short of compliance |
| You’ve had a fire safety warning | Need to get things right ASAP |
| You manage vulnerable occupants | Extra care is needed for safety |
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Top Tips to Stay Compliant and Safe
Here are some quick wins to help you stay on top of fire safety:
- Book annual fire risk assessments
- Train your staff in fire awareness and evacuation
- Test alarms weekly
- Keep escape routes clear
- Document and date everything
Fire safety isn’t about fear—it’s about being prepared. And once you’ve got the basics in place, it’s actually pretty straightforward.
Final Thoughts: Better Safe Than Sorry
If you’re still wondering, “Do I need a fire risk assessment?”—chances are, you probably do. The law is clear, and the stakes are high.
Whether you’re running a small business, renting out a property, or managing a school, taking responsibility for fire safety protects everyone who steps through your doors. And the peace of mind? Totally worth it.
If you’re unsure where to start, chat with a local fire safety expert. They’ll help you stay safe—and legal.
